Introduction to Research Methods

1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time.
   • All tests, measures, or variables are administered to participants on one occasion.
   • This type of research seeks to gather data on present conditions instead of looking at the effects of a variable over a period of time.


2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time.
   • Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study.
   • Some longitudinal studies may occur over a short period of time, such as a few days, while others may take place over a period of decades.
   • The effects of aging are often investigated using longitudinal research.
   
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Index: Introduction to Research Methods

1. Three Types of Research
2. Theory and Hypothesis
3. Effect of Time in Psychology Research
4. Causal Relationships Between Variables
5. Correlational Relationships Between Variables